Biology Review

Biology Definitions

Match the following definitions to the choices below.

Cell Structures

1. Modifying polypeptide chains into mature proteins; sorting and shipping proteins and

lipids for secretion or for use inside the cell.

2. Controls substances, signals into and out of cell; helps maintain cytoplasmic

composition and volume.

3. Organizes DNA molecules, keeps them separate from cytoplasmic machinery.

4. One DNA molecule and many proteins that are intimately associated with it.

5. Forms ATP and NADPH, then sugars, by photosynthesis.

Protein-Mediated Transport/Bulk Transport Across Membranes

6. An unassisted flow of solutes through the interior of a transport protein, down their

concentration gradients.

7. Pumping of a specific solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient

through a transport protein’s interior. Requires ATP.

8. Of some cells, engulfment of an extracellular target by way of pseudopod formation

and endocytosis.

Water Movement Across Membranes

9. Diffusion of water molecules in response to a water concentration gradient between

two regions separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

10. A fluid having a greater solute concentration relative to another fluid.

11. A fluid that has a lower solute concentration relative to another fluid.

Photosynthesis

12. The first stage of photosynthesis. Sunlight energy is trapped and converted to

chemical energy of ATP, NADPH, or both, depending on the pathway.

13. Second stage of photosynthesis; sugar-building reactions that require phosphate-

group transfers from ATP, electrons and H atoms from NADPH, and carbon from

CO₂.

Choices

a.) chromosome b.) plasma membrane c.) passive transport d.) active transport e.) hypertonic solution f.) golgi body g.) osmosis h.) light-independent reactions i.) chloroplast j.) hypotonic solution k.) phagocytosis l.) nucleus m.) light-dependent reactions

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Answers:

1.) f

2.) b

3.) l

4.) a

5.) i

6.) c

7.) d

8.) k

9.) g

10.) e

11.) j

12.) m

13.) h